Lub sij hawm "duab tshiab" thawj zaug tsim xyoo 1964 los ntawm Richard Kyle hauv tsab ntawv xov xwm luam tawm los ntawm Comic Amateur Press Alliance. DC Comics siv lo lus xyoo 1972 rau qhov teeb meem thib ob ntawm nws "Lub Tsev Tsis Txaus Siab ntawm Kev Hlub," tab sis thawj zaug siv "duab tshiab" rau kev ua haujlwm ib leeg tuaj 4 xyoos tom qab, rau Richard Corben's "Bloodstar," George Metzger's "Tshaj Sijhawm", "thiab Jim Steranko's" Chandler: Red Tide. " Lub ntsiab lus tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv xyoo 1978 nrog kev lag luam ntawv luam tawm ntawm Will Eisner's "Daim Ntawv Cog Lus nrog Vajtswv, thiab Lwm Cov Dab Neeg Tenement," uas tau coj nws kev tshoov siab los ntawm 1920s thiab '30s ntoo txiav-qhia cov dab neeg tshiab ntawm Lynd Ward. Vim tias kev coj ua ntawm kev tsim cov ntawv tshiab cov duab ua ntej lub sijhawm, muaj qee qhov tsis meej pem txog dab tsi uas yog phau ntawv dab neeg thiab dab tsi yog qhov tshiab. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj ib qho kev pom zoo thoob ntiaj teb pom zoo cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus, cov theem hauv qab no muab cov khoom los saib seb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub qhov txawv ntawm phau ntawv dab neeg thiab dab neeg tshiab.
Cov kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab seb daim ntawv tshaj tawm yog ib ntus lossis ua haujlwm nkaus xwb
Txawm hais tias "comics" suav nrog ob phau ntawv dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tshiab, phau ntawv dab neeg yog cov ntawv xov xwm kom raug thiab ntim cov lej. Ib daim duab tshiab yog qhov tsim nyog luam tawm ib zaug, txawm hais tias qee tus tshaj tawm cov dab neeg tau tsim cov kab ntawm cov dab neeg tshiab, zoo li Marvel Comics tau ua txij xyoo 1982 txog 1988 nrog nws cov ntawv 35 txoj haujlwm.
- Kev siv lo lus "tshiab" hauv nplooj ntawv ntawm phau ntawv dab neeg tsis tas yuav ua rau nws yog qhov tshiab. 4-tshooj "dab neeg-ntev" dab neeg ntawm Txhua-Flash Peb Hlis Peb Lub Xyoo 1940s thiab 3-ntu Superman "cov dab neeg" hauv Action Comics thiab Superman ntawm lub sijhawm xyoo 1950 thiab thaum ntxov 1960 tsis yog lawv tus kheej cov duab tshiab, vim lawv yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho phau ntawv dab neeg comic series ntawm cov dab neeg.
- Cov ntawv tshiab hloov kho rau daim duab yuav yog lossis tsis yog daim duab tshiab. Kev hloov kho tshiab hauv Classics Illustrated tsis yog lawv tus kheej cov duab tshiab, vim Classics Illustrated tau luam tawm ua ntu zus. Kev hloov pauv ntawm ib phau ntawv tshiab hla ntau ntau ntu, xws li Jane Fancher's 3-ntim kev hloov pauv ntawm CJ Cherryh's "Rooj vag ntawm Ivrel," txawm hais tias tsis npog tag nrho cov ntawv tshiab, tej zaum yuav suav hais tias yog cov duab tshiab los ntawm qee qhov thiab cov duab me me los ntawm lwm tus..
- Qee cov comics tau xaiv "txhaj tshuaj ib zaug", xws li "Superman vs. kev txhaj tshuaj tsis ib txwm suav tias yog cov duab tshiab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco tseg muaj pes tsawg zaj dab neeg nyob nruab nrab ntawm nplooj ntawv
Ib phau ntawv dab neeg tuaj yeem muaj ib zaj dab neeg, 2 zaj dab neeg, lossis ntau npaum li 3 lossis 4 zaj dab neeg ntawm nws nplooj ntawv, uas yuav lossis tsis yog txhua tus muaj cov cim zoo ib yam. Cov duab tshiab ib txwm muaj tsuas yog ib zaj dab neeg nrog tib cov cim ua cim.
- Qee qhov kev sau rov sau tseg, xws li "Cov Dab Neeg Zoo Tshaj Plaws Superman Puas Tau Hais" thiab "Cov Dab Neeg Zoo Tshaj Plaws Batman Puas Tau Hais," yog tuab li cov duab tshiab Cov no tsis yog cov duab dab neeg zoo rau lawv tus kheej, vim tias lawv muaj ntau dua 1 zaj dab neeg, txawm tias cov dab neeg hais txog tib tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb. Lawv tuaj yeem raug hu ua graphic anthologies, raws li lawv ua raws cov qauv ntawm cov lus piav qhia anthologies, uas yog sau cov dab neeg luv luv hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem thiab feem ntau nrog cov ntsiab lus sib xws.
- Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg ntawm ib zaj dab neeg, xws li Frank Miller's 1986 "The Dark Knight Returns," uas tau luam tawm thaum xub thawj los ua 4-qhov teeb meem me me, lossis Alan Moore thiab Dave Gibbons '1987 "Watchmen," Ameslikas luam tawm raws li 12 qhov teeb meem txwv series, yog cov duab tshiab vim tias phau ntawv dab neeg dab neeg arc tsim ib zaj dab neeg hauv nws nplooj ntawv. Txhua zaj dab neeg los ntawm thawj qhov teeb meem ntau hom ntawv yog ib tshooj hauv cov duab tshiab.
- Muaj qee qhov kev zam rau "ib zaj dab neeg" lub ntsiab lus rau cov duab tshiab. Will Eisner's "Daim Ntawv Cog Lus nrog Vajtswv, thiab Lwm Yam Dab Tsi Hauv Tsev" yog txheej txheej ntawm cov dab neeg luv luv sib cuam tshuam hauv tib lub ntim. (Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lo lus "duab tshiab" tsuas yog siv rau ntawm kev lag luam luam tawm phau ntawv thiab tsis yog phau ntawv nyuaj ua ntej.)
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav kom muaj pes tsawg nplooj ntawv uas cov ntawv tso dag
Cov phau ntawv dab neeg muaj qhov ntev ntev, uas yog los ntawm 64 txog 96 nplooj ntawv thaum pib xyoo 1940s thiab niaj hnub no nyob ib puag ncig 32 nplooj ntawv. Cov duab dab neeg tshiab feem ntau siv sijhawm ntev dua, nyob txhua qhov chaw ntawm 60 txog 500 nplooj ntawv. Archie Goodwin thiab Gil Kane xyoo 1971 "Blackmark" tau khiav 119 nplooj ntawv, thiab nws cov ntawv txuas ntxiv hauv xyoo tom ntej tau khiav 117, thaum cov duab sau tshiab sau los ntawm Dave Sim's "Cerebus" muaj npe menyuam yaus "phau ntawv xov tooj" los ntawm lawv cov kiv cua vim tias lawv tuab npaum li cas.
Ntau cov comics series tsim cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntev dua ib xyoos. Thaum cov ntawv txhua xyoo tuaj yeem tshaj tawm cov dab neeg ntev dua li cov ntawv dab neeg txhua hli nrog tib lub npe, cov no feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog cov dab neeg tshiab, txawm hais tias lawv tsuas muaj ib zaj dab neeg nkaus xwb, vim qhov teeb meem feem ntau txheeb xyuas nrog lo lus "Ib xyoos ib zaug" thiab feem ntau muaj teeb meem tus lej
Kauj Ruam 4. Saib qhov ntev ntawm qhov tso dag
Cov phau ntawv dab neeg feem ntau luam tawm nrog qhov dav ntawm 6 5/8 ntiv tes (17 cm) thiab ntsug ntev ntawm 10 1/4 ntiv tes (26 cm). Cov duab dab neeg tshiab tuaj yeem luam tawm nrog qhov ntev thiab dav no, nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm kev lag luam ntawv thim rov qab, daim ntawv loj (Txhab Nyiaj Txiag), lossis cov ntawv me me.
- Cov ntawv lag luam rov qab muaj qhov dav ntawm 5.32 ntiv tes (13.5 cm) thiab ntsug ntev ntawm 8.51 ntiv tes (21.6 cm).
- Digest loj muaj qhov dav ntawm 5 3/8 txog 5 1/2 ntiv tes (13.65 txog 13.97 cm) thiab ntsug ntev ntawm 7 1/2 txog 8 3/8 ntiv tes (19.05 txog 21.27 cm).
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib yuav ua li cas lub comic raug khi
Cov phau ntawv dab neeg ib txwm tau khi nrog cov khoom siv, zoo ib yam li cov ntawv xov xwm me me uas zoo ib yam. Cov duab dab neeg, ntawm qhov tod tes, feem ntau yog khi txoj hauv kev tuab cov ntawv xov xwm thiab phau ntawv.
Nco tseg, txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov tshwj xeeb zoo-siab tshwj xeeb cov phau ntawv dab neeg tau raug khi zoo li phau ntawv. Cov tib neeg tag nrho hauv 3-qhov teeb meem "Subterraneans" Elseworlds cov ntawv me me uas muaj Batman muaj cov ntawv zoo thiab tsis raug khi nrog cov khoom siv, tab sis cov teeb meem ntawm tus kheej tsis yog lawv tus kheej cov duab tshiab. Zaj dab neeg tag nrho, yog tias khi rau hauv ib lub ntim, yuav yog cov duab tshiab
Kauj Ruam 6. Nco tseg qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv uas siv
Rau ntau xyoo dhau los lawv tau tshaj tawm, cov phau ntawv dab neeg tau luam tawm ntawm qib qis matte-finish paper. Cov duab dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg luam tawm los ntawm xyoo 1980 los feem ntau yog luam tawm ntawm qib ntawv siab dua, txawm tias yog matte lossis ci ntsa iab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau phau ntawv dab neeg tsis ntev los no tseem tau luam tawm ntawm cov ntawv nplaum, txawm hais tias lawv tseem tuav nrog cov ntawv sau.
Kauj Ruam 7. Saib tus nqi
Vim tias qhov txwv ntawm lawv cov dab neeg, lawv yog cov ntawv tshaj tawm ib leeg, thiab kev luam ntawv zoo dua thiab ua kom zoo dua, cov duab nraaj feem ntau raug nqi ntau dua li phau ntawv dab neeg.
Kauj Ruam 8. Tiav lawm
Lub tswv yim
- Japanese manga muaj lawv tus kheej cov ntsiab lus. Manga feem ntau yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev ua txuas ntxiv, sib npaug rau Asmeskas phau ntawv dab neeg. Ib qhov txhaj tshuaj hu ua yomikiri, thaum ib ntim ntim sau cov dab neeg arc los ntawm cov manga yog tankobon, sib npaug rau cov duab tshiab. Omnibus tagnrho nrog ntau ntau zaj dab neeg sau tau hu ua Soshuhen.
- Hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov peb yuav hu ua cov duab tshiab tau hu ua "albums." Sau cov dab neeg dab neeg Ltalis Corto Maltese thiab Fab Kis thiab Belgium Asterix, Lieutenant Blueberry, thiab Tintin tau luam tawm ua albums ntau xyoo. Terry Nantier coj lo lus no rau Amelikas xyoo 1977 ua "duab nraaj" thaum nws luam tawm Fabkis tus kws kos duab Loro "Racket Rumba" thiab Enki Bilal's "Hu rau Lub Hnub Qub." Lwm cov ntsiab lus uas tau siv muaj xws li "zaj dab neeg dab tshos," rau Daniel Clowes '2001 "Ice Haven," "qhia cov duab tshiab" rau Craig Thompson's "Blankets," thiab "picture novella" rau Seth's "Nws yog Lub Neej Zoo."
Lus ceeb toom
- Ib qho kev sib cav txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov dab neeg xws li Charles Dickens tau luam tawm thaum xub thawj hauv cov ntawv sau ua ntu zus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tau ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev lees paub tus kws sau ntawv tshiab tau them nyiaj tsawg kawg ib hlis ib zaug raws li kev tawm tsam ib zaug lossis ob zaug hauv ib xyoos, lub sijhawm nruab nrab nws siv sijhawm rau cov ntawv tshiab zoo los sau, kho, thiab ua tiav. Cov txheej txheem rau cov txheej txheem luam tawm cov dab neeg no tseem yog ib zaj dab neeg nrog pib, nruab nrab, thiab qhov kawg thiab lawv tau hais meej tshaj plaws hauv lawv ua ntej luam tawm, txawm tias qhov xaus yuav tsis pom rau lub hlis. Cov Saib Xyuas, tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv 12 daim ntawv teev dab neeg txhua lub hlis tso rau tiam sis hom ntawv yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws tshiab raws li Alan Moore tau ua tib zoo npaj thiab sau cov kab lus txij thaum pib mus txog rau ua ntej thawj qhov teeb meem tau tshaj tawm.
- Vim tias cov duab tshiab tau tsim ua ntej lub sijhawm tau siv rau lawv, tsis muaj kev pom zoo li cas yog thawj daim duab tshiab. Cov neeg sib tw suav nrog Archie Goodwin thiab Gil Kane's 1971 ntaj-thiab-ua khawv koob ua haujlwm Blackmark, uas yeej Shazam Award, lawv "Nws Lub Npe yog Savage" ntawm 3 xyoos dhau los, xyoo 1978 luam tawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm Jack Katz's "First Kingdom" series ntawm 1974, thiab txawm tias tus kws kho mob coj txawv txawv zaj dab neeg luam tawm hauv Cov Dab Neeg Coj Tsis Zoo #130 txog 146 thaum xyoo 1965 thiab 1966.
- Qee tus neeg hauv kev lag luam comics tsis pom zoo rau lo lus "duab tshiab," hais txog nws raws li lub ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg tsuas yog siv los zam qhov kev thuam ntawm phau ntawv dab neeg, lossis txhawm rau them nqi ntau dua los muag cov duab nraaj dua li phau ntawv dab neeg.
