Phau ntawv sau luv luv yog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm phau ntawv dab neeg lossis cov ntsiab lus. Cov neeg sawv cev sau ntawv thiab tshaj tawm feem ntau xav kom cov neeg sau ntawv xa cov ntsiab lus los txhawb lawv txoj haujlwm. Qhov kev sib tw ntawm kev zaum kom txo qis tag nrho phau ntawv mus rau ob peb nqe lus lossis nplooj ntawv yog qhov txaus ntshai, thiab tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev los sau cov ntsiab lus zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ua cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb los tsim cov ntsiab lus zoo uas yuav ua rau cov neeg nyeem nyeem mloog thiab ua rau lawv zoo siab kom txaus siab rau txhua phau ntawv.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 4: Tsim Ib Zaj Lus Qhia rau Zaj Dab Neeg
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm qhov ua haujlwm loj dua, koj tseem yuav tsum tau siv sijhawm los tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tshiab thiab suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum nkag siab txog zaj dab neeg.
- Xav txog tias ib tus neeg nyeem cov ntsiab lus ua ntej phau ntawv. Cov ntaub ntawv twg yog qhov tseem ceeb kom suav nrog? Puas muaj cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hais txog kev teeb tsa phau ntawv tshiab lossis ntiaj teb uas koj tau tsim uas tus nyeem ntawv yuav tsum nkag siab?
- Nco ntsoov, koj tab tom sim kos tus nyeem ntawv rau hauv zaj dab neeg, yog li suav nrog qee qhov kev nthuav dav uas pab tib neeg pom qhov twg thiab thaum twg qhov no tshwm sim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhia txog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb hauv phau ntawv tshiab
Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj dhau los txiav txim siab yuav suav nrog dab tsi hauv kab lus luv luv, tab sis txoj cai zoo ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab piav qhia qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv zaj dab neeg.
- Kev tawm tsam dab tsi uas tus ua yeeb yam lossis tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntsib hauv phau ntawv?
- Puas muaj cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb uas cov cim ntsib uas koj yuav tsum hais hauv cov lus sib dhos?
- Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim yog tus neeg ua yeeb yam tsis ua lossis poob?
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia kev txhim kho tus cwj pwm
Thaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis txaus siab los sim thiab ua kom pom qhov tshiab qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev txhim kho tus cwj pwm zoo mus rau hauv cov lus sib tham, ntau tus neeg sawv cev sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias lawv xav tau cov lus qhia los ua pov thawj tias tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb hloov pauv li cas ntawm cov ntawv tshiab.
Sim ua kom cov cim tseem ceeb tshwm ntawm ib sab los ntawm kev qhia tias lawv ua li cas rau cov xwm txheej sib txawv. Txawm hais tias koj tsis muaj chaw ntau nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus, koj tseem tuaj yeem muab cov neeg nyeem nkag siab tias tus yam ntxwv yog leej twg thiab lawv hloov pauv li cas ntawm zaj dab neeg
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhia cov phiaj xwm
Vim tias cov ntsiab lus tau tsim los ua cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv, koj yuav tsum tau piav qhia cov phiaj xwm ntawm koj cov ntawv tshiab thiab muab kev nkag siab ntawm cov lus tshiab piav qhia.
- Nws tuaj yeem nyuaj kom tsis txhob poob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, tab sis qhov chaw zoo pib yog suav nrog cov ntsiab lus luv luv (1 txog 2 kab lus) ntawm txhua tshooj. Tom qab ntawd, sim txuas thiab txuas cov ntsiab lus no ua ke.
- Koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog txhua cov ntsiab lus ntxaws, yog li sim txheeb xyuas cov uas tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab phau ntawv. Nug koj tus kheej tias qhov xaus tseem yuav ua rau nkag siab yam tsis muaj qhov ntxaws. Yog tias yog, ces tso nws tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua kom meej txog phau ntawv xaus
Tej zaum koj yuav tsis kam ua qhov xaus, tab sis cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum paub meej txog qhov ntawv tshiab xaus thiab daws qhov kawg.
- Cov neeg sawv cev sau ntawv xav paub yuav ua li cas koj daws qhov teeb meem hauv phau ntawv tshiab thiab khi koj zaj dab neeg.
- Tsis txhob txhawj. Yog tias koj zaj dab neeg raug luam tawm, cov ntsiab lus yuav tsis suav nrog nyob tom qab ntawm phau ntawv thiab ua rau cov dab neeg puas tsuaj.
Kauj Ruam 6. Txheeb xyuas koj cov ntsiab lus
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj los tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus, thiab tseem nug lwm tus neeg los tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus. Qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntau koj nrhiav los ntawm lwm tus, pom meej dua koj tuaj yeem ua koj cov ntsiab lus.
- Nws tuaj yeem pab tau los nyeem koj cov ntsiab lus nrov nrov vim tias koj yuav zoo dua tuaj yeem pom qhov ua tsis raug ntawm cov qauv lus thiab nrhiav sijhawm los txhim kho cov lus. Koj lub paj hlwb yuav tsum ua cov ntaub ntawv hauv ib txoj kev sib txawv thaum koj nyeem nrov nrov, thiab koj feem ntau pom kev ua yuam kev thiab teeb meem uas koj tau saib dhau los.
- Nug cov phooj ywg, cov neeg hauv tsev neeg, lossis cov npoj yaig uas tseem tsis tau nyeem phau ntawv lossis tseem tsis tau paub txog yam koj tab tom ua haujlwm los nyeem cov ntsiab lus. Lawv yuav tuaj yeem muab lub hom phiaj pom ntau dua, thiab qhia rau koj paub yog tias cov ntsiab lus ua rau lawv nkag siab thiab coj lawv mus rau hauv zaj dab neeg.
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj cov ntsiab lus teb cov lus nug tseem ceeb
Ua ntej koj xa koj cov ntsiab lus, nco ntsoov nws muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
- Leej twg yog tus cim tseem ceeb hauv phau ntawv?
- Lawv tab tom nrhiav dab tsi, tshawb nrhiav, lossis sim ua kom tiav?
- Leej twg lossis dab tsi ua rau lawv tshawb nrhiav, nrhiav, lossis taug kev nyuaj?
- Dab tsi xaus li tshwm sim?
Kauj Ruam 8. Xyaum ua ntxiv
Ntau tus kws sau ntawv tshaj tawm tias cov lus sib tham yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws los sau vim tias lawv tau sim ua kom cov phau ntawv muaj nqis ntawm cov khoom siv rau hauv ob peb nqe lus. Hmoov zoo, txawm li cas los xij, ntau zaus koj xyaum sau cov ntsiab lus, qhov zoo dua koj yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev tawm dag zog no.
Txhawm rau xyaum xyaum sau cov ntsiab lus, sim ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho rau phau ntawv qub lossis sim sau cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv uas koj nyuam qhuav nyeem. Qee zaum nws yooj yim dua los pib xyaum ua hauv phau ntawv uas koj tsis tau siv sijhawm teev, hnub, lossis xyoo npaj
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 4: Sau Cov Lus Tseeb rau Phau Ntawv Tsis Muaj Dab Tsi
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua raws cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb uas tau muab
Yog tias koj tab tom ua haujlwm nrog tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb, xyuas kom koj nug lawv txog lossis paub koj tus kheej nrog lawv cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov ntsiab lus. Koj xav kom ntseeg tau tias koj format nws thiab xa nws raws li qhov lawv xav tau kom nws tau txais kev txais tos zoo tshaj plaws.
- Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, nug tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus tshaj tawm txog qhov ntev, kev ua qauv, thiab yam.
- Txawm hais tias qhov no yog txoj haujlwm rau chav kawm, nco ntsoov tias koj ua raws li cov lus qhia lossis cov lus qhia uas koj tus kws qhia tau muab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Suav nrog cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm phau ntawv
Ib yam li cov lus piav qhia rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv tseeb, koj yuav tsum tau muab cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev nthuav tawm koj qhov kev sib cav, thiab piav qhia vim li cas phau ntawv yuav tsum luam tawm. Ua qhov kev sib cav vim li cas koj phau ntawv thiaj li tseem ceeb hauv qee txoj kev
Kauj Ruam 3. Qhia tus qauv ntawm txoj haujlwm
Txawm hais tias koj tseem tsis tau ua tiav phau ntawv, koj tseem yuav tsum tuaj yeem muab cov ntsiab lus meej ntawm nws cov qauv hauv cov ntsiab lus. Muab cov tshooj cais nrog cov npe ib ntus rau txhua tshooj, uas yuav muab tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus tshaj tawm lub tswv yim zoo ntawm cov lus qhia ua haujlwm.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov lus piav qhia luv (1 txog 2 kab lus) ntawm txhua tshooj
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb xyuas tias koj phau ntawv txawv li cas ntawm kev sib tw
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, piav qhia dab tsi teeb tsa koj phau ntawv sib nrug ntawm cov khoom siv tam sim no ntawm qhov kev kawm. Sib tham seb koj coj ib yam dab tsi txawv rau lub rooj.
- Piv txwv li, koj phau ntawv puas muaj kev pom tshwj xeeb lossis txoj hauv kev tshiab los xav txog lub ncauj lus?
- Sau cov thawj coj sau ntawv thiab tshaj tawm hauv lub tshav pob thiab kom meej meej tias koj li phiaj xwm yog qhov zoo li cas.
- Tsis tas li, piav qhia vim li cas koj thiaj yog tus sau zoo tshaj lossis tsim nyog los tsim txoj haujlwm no.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sib tham txog kev ua lag luam rau phau ntawv
Ib tus tshaj tawm yuav saib koj phau ntawv thiab sim txiav txim siab nws qhov chaw hauv khw thiab cov neeg mloog. Siv qhov chaw hauv cov lus sib tham los tham txog qhov twg koj pom phau ntawv haum rau hauv kev ua lag luam uas twb muaj lawm.
- Suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntu ntawm lub khw muag khoom lossis lub khw muag khoom koj pom koj phau ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv. Qhov no pab cov tshaj tawm ntsuas seb phau ntawv yuav muaj cov neeg tuaj saib thiab nws yuav tsum ua lag luam li cas.
- Puas muaj pab pawg koj xav tias yuav muaj kev txaus siab hauv phau ntawv no? Piv txwv li, qhov no puas yuav siv rau hauv cov chav kawm tshwj xeeb hauv tsev kawm qib siab, lossis puas muaj cov xwm txheej xws li keeb kwm hnub tseem ceeb uas phau ntawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog thiab muag ib puag ncig?
Kauj Ruam 6. Qhia koj lub sijhawm teev
Ntau phau ntawv tsis muaj tseeb raug lees txais thaum tseem tab tom sau, tab sis koj yuav tsum muab lub sijhawm tseeb ntawm koj qhov kev cia siab vam meej hauv cov ntsiab lus.
Sib tham ntau npaum li cas tam sim no tau ua tiav, thiab kwv yees kwv yees thaum koj xav tias yuav npaj cov ntawv sau
Kauj Ruam 7. Muab cov ncauj lus ntxiv
Suav nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus, xws li kwv yees kwv yees cov lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog seb koj puas xav tau cov lus piav qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv koj suav nrog txog tus qauv thiab hom ntawv ntawm phau ntawv, nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tus tshaj tawm los txiav txim siab yog tias lawv xav ua txoj haujlwm.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txhawb koj daim ntawv pov thawj
Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau koj cov ntsiab lus, qhia qhov nthuav thiab qhov cim tshwj xeeb uas tau pab koj sau phau ntawv.
Thaum kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia yog yam tseem ceeb los hais, tseem xav txog seb puas muaj ib feem ntawm koj keeb kwm yav dhau los lossis lub neej uas cov tshaj tawm thiab cov nyeem yuav pom tau nthuav
Kauj Ruam 9. Nug kom tau lus tawm tswv yim
Zoo li txhua yam kev sau ntawv, sib qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj cov lus sib tham nrog lwm tus tuaj yeem pab koj txhim kho koj cov lus thiab ua kom cov ntsiab lus meej dua thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua. Nug cov phooj ywg, tsev neeg, thiab cov npoj yaig rau kev tawm tswv yim ntawm daim ntawv sau tseg.
Koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij hauv thaj tsam los txiav txim siab yog tias cov ntsiab lus yog qhov nthuav thiab nyeem tau, yog li tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog kev nrhiav ib tus neeg uas yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm cov ncauj lus uas koj sau txog
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 4: Zam Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Tsis Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Tsis txhob sau cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev xav ntawm koj tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb
Cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau sau los ntawm tus neeg thib peb qhov kev xav tsis yog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm koj tus cim tseem ceeb. Cov lus piav qhia feem ntau tseem tau sau nyob rau tam sim no tsis yog yav dhau los.
Piv txwv, tsis txhob sau "Kuv tau mus rau lub tsev puam txhua lub caij ntuj sov," sau, "Susan taug kev mus rau lub puam txhua lub caij ntuj sov."
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav koj cov lus
Cov lus piav qhia tau hais kom luv luv, thiab kev hais lus yog ib qho yuam kev ntau hauv cov ntsiab lus. Txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem hnov mob los txiav tawm kev sib tham thiab txiav cov lus, nws yuav pab koj tsim cov lus zoo dua thiab nyeem tau.
- Nug koj tus kheej yog tias txhua cov ntsiab lus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus lossis yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tso tawm. Yog tias koj tus nyeem ntawv tseem tuaj yeem tau txais lub tswv yim zoo ntawm phau ntawv hais txog yam tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawd, muab pov tseg.
- Kev sib tham feem ntau tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus, tab sis yog tias koj suav nrog nws, khaws nws mus rau qhov tsawg kawg thiab paub tseeb tias nws tau siv los qhia qhov hloov pauv tseem ceeb lossis txhim kho tus yam ntxwv.
- Tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog kev ua koj cov ntawv sau nkauj lossis piav qhia ntxiv. Nws yuav siv qhov chaw ntau dhau, thiab koj yuav tsum tsom koj lub zog ntawm kev siv cov lus tseeb thiab muab cov ntsiab lus meej ntawm koj phau ntawv. Thaum koj rov nyeem koj cov ntsiab lus, nug koj tus kheej seb puas muaj cov lus meej dua lossis meej dua koj tuaj yeem siv qhov chaw ntawm ib qho uas koj tau suav nrog tam sim no.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsis txhob nthuav tawm ntau cov ntsiab lus lossis qhia cov cim thib ob
Tej zaum koj tau siv sijhawm ntau los txhim kho koj cov cim thiab lawv cov keeb kwm yav dhau, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tsis yog qhov chaw tshawb xyuas txhua yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus no lossis qhia txhua tus cim hauv koj phau ntawv.
Suav nrog kom ntxaws txaus kom ua rau cov cim nthuav thiab tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lossis cuam tshuam nrog li cas. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, ob peb nqe lus feem ntau txaus los piav qhia tias tus yam ntxwv yog leej twg thiab lawv tuaj qhov twg tuaj
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsis txhob txheeb xyuas lossis txhais cov ntsiab lus ntawm phau ntawv
Lub ntsiab lus yog npaj los ua cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus luv luv ntawm phau ntawv, yog li tsis txhob nyuaj siab los koom nrog kev tshuaj xyuas lossis txhais lus ntawm phau ntawv cov ntsiab lus lossis cov ntsiab lus zais. Lub ntsiab lus tsis yog qhov chaw rau kev tshuaj xyuas zoo li no.
Kauj Ruam 5. Tsis txhob tso cov lus tsis teb lossis lus nug rhetorical hauv cov lus piav qhia
Txawm hais tias koj yuav xav tias sim ua kom tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tso qee cov lus nug tsis teb lossis nug cov lus nug rhetorical, cov no yuav cuam tshuam tus nyeem ntawv los ntawm koj cov ntsiab lus.
Piv txwv li, tsis txhob sau, "Tyler puas yuav txheeb xyuas nws niam tus neeg tua neeg?" Hloov chaw ntawm kev nug lo lus nug no, koj cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum muab lus teb
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsis txhob sau cov ntsiab lus uas tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus yooj yim xwb
Koj xav kom koj cov ntsiab lus los kos cov neeg nyeem thiab ua rau lawv xav nyeem tag nrho txoj haujlwm. Muab qhov yooj yim ua-los-ua si ntawm zaj dab neeg yuav ua rau tus nyeem ntawv zoo li lawv tab tom tshuaj xyuas cov ntawv qhuav, cov txheej txheem.
- Hloov chaw sim txhaj ntau qhov kev xav thiab nthuav dav rau hauv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev muab kev nkag siab txog tias cov cim zoo li cas.
- Yog tias koj pom koj tus kheej sau tej yam xws li "qhov no tau tshwm sim, tom qab ntawd tau tshwm sim, thiab thaum kawg, qhov no tau tshwm sim," nws yog lub sijhawm so thiab rov tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus thaum koj nyob zoo. Koj tsis xav kom cov lus sib tham xav zoo li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev ua si kis las.
- Qee tus kws sau ntawv hais qhia ua piv txwv tias koj tab tom piav phau ntawv rau koj cov phooj ywg ib yam li koj yuav piav txog zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo siab. Omit cov ntsiab lus tsis txaus ntseeg lossis tsis tseem ceeb thiab tsom mus rau qhov tseem ceeb.
Txoj Kev 4 ntawm 4: Hloov Phau Ntawv Teev Npe
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab ob qhov chaw tso ua ke
Yog tias cov lus piav qhia ntev dua ib nplooj ntawv ntev, muab ob npaug rau qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv. Nws yuav yooj yim dua rau tus neeg sawv cev sau ntawv nyeem.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nco ntsoov suav nrog koj phau ntawv lub npe thiab koj lub npe
Thaum koj tab tom ua kom tiav koj cov ntsiab lus, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim kom hnov qab suav nrog lub npe ntawm koj phau ntawv thiab koj lub npe. Nco ntsoov tias cov ntsiab lus no nyob ntawm txhua nplooj ntawv ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau sab saud sab laug.
Yog tias tus neeg sawv cev sau ntawv nyiam koj cov ntsiab lus, koj xav kom lawv paub tias yuav tiv tauj nrog leej twg
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv tus qauv txheem
Thaum koj yuav xav tias zoo li koj yuav tsum siv tus tsiaj ntawv ntxim nyiam dua, nws zoo tshaj los ua tus qauv ib yam li Times New Roman uas yooj yim nyeem thiab yuav qhib rau ntau yam khoom siv.
Yog tias koj ntaus koj phau ntawv hauv qee yam ntawv, lo nrog tib tus ntawv rau cov lus qhia kom lawv sib phim. Koj kuj tseem yuav xa cov qauv tshooj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv yuav zoo li lawv yog ib feem ntawm tib pob lossis mus ua ke
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhib nqe lus
Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus luv luv yog cov ntaub ntawv, koj tsis xav kom nws tshwm zoo li koj tau sau nws hauv kwj dej ntawm kev nco qab. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov no los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, nkag mus rau kab lus kom koj cov lus pom zoo thiab ua kom zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua tib zoo saib cov lus qhia ntev
Kev xav tau ntev ntawm cov ntsiab lus sib txawv nyob ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sau ntawv lossis tuam txhab tshaj tawm. Nco ntsoov tias koj ua raws cov lus qhia uas koj tau muab lossis nug tus neeg sawv cev lossis tus tshaj tawm uas koj ua haujlwm nrog yam lawv xav tau.
- Qee tus kws sau ntawv pom zoo pib nrog 5 nplooj ntawv luv luv, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov ntawv no tso ua ke thiab txiav nws raws li xav tau.
- Npaj rau qhov ntev sib txawv xav tau ua ntej los ntawm kev muaj 1 nplooj ntawv thiab 3 nplooj ntawv ntsiab lus ntawm tes. Txawm hais tias qhov ntev xav tau sib txawv me ntsis, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm yoog tau yooj yim 1 nplooj lossis 3 nplooj ntawv.
Lub tswv yim
- Pib sau koj cov ntsiab lus los ntawm kev suav txhua tshooj hauv 1 txog 2 kab lus. Tom qab ntawd, txuas cov ntsiab lus no ua ke.
- Ib txoj hauv kev zoo los xav txog kev sau cov ntsiab lus rau phau ntawv yog ua piv txwv tias koj tau piav qhia rau koj cov phooj ywg raws li koj yuav tham txog kev ua yeeb yaj kiab. Ua kom pom tseeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab hla hla cov ntsiab lus tsis tseem ceeb lossis ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg.
- Sau cov ntsiab lus siv tus neeg thib peb qhov kev xav ntau dua li los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus yam ntxwv hauv koj phau ntawv.
- Ua tib zoo saib rau qhov ntev tshwj xeeb lossis kev xav tau uas cov kws sau ntawv lossis tus tshaj tawm muab.
