Kos yog qhov nyiam mloog lus programming tsim los ntawm MIT Media Lab raws li menyuam yaus cov cuab yeej kawm. Nws muaj nyob online, nrog lub khoos phis tawj desktop muaj rau Mac OS, Windows, Chrome OS, thiab Android. Qhov wikiHow no qhia koj cov hauv paus ntawm yuav ua li cas ua si game
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 4: Rub Tawm Kos
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag mus rau nplooj ntawv rub rub hauv lub vev xaib
Nov yog nplooj ntawv web uas koj tuaj yeem rub lub desktop version ntawm Scratch.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyem Download ncaj qha
Nws yog hauv qab qhov kev xaiv rub tawm Scratch los ntawm koj lub kaw lus cov khw digital.
Xwb, koj tuaj yeem nyem Tsim nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm nplooj ntawv web kom pib tsim tam sim online hauv koj lub vev xaib.
Kauj ruam 3. Nyem ob npaug rau nruab cov ntaub ntawv
Scratch install file yog "Scratch Desktop Setup 3.9.0.exe" rau Windows, thiab "Scratch 3.6.0.dmg" rau Mac. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa tiav rub tawm, ob-nias lub install file los pib txheej txheem teeb tsa. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntawv rub tawm hauv koj phau ntawv rub tawm lossis hauv koj lub vev xaib.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nruab Scratch
Siv cov theem hauv qab no rau nruab Scratch:
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Qhov rai
- Xaiv "Tsuas yog Rau Kuv" lossis "Txhua tus neeg uas siv lub khoos phis tawj no".
- Nyem Nruab
- Nyem Yog lawm tso cai rau Scratch installer los hloov pauv koj lub system.
- Nyem Tiav.
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Mac:
Kos lub Scratch app icon rau daim ntawv thov
Ntu 2 ntawm 4: Ntxiv Cov Duab
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhib Scratch
Nws muaj lub cim daj nrog tus S ntawm nws. Nyem lub cim hauv Start menu ntawm Windows. Koj tuaj yeem pom nws hauv daim ntawv thov daim ntawv thov ntawm Mac.
Thawj zaug koj qhib Scratch, nws nug yog koj xav xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau Pab Pawg Scratch los pab txhim kho Scratch. Koj tuaj yeem nyem Tsis ua tsaug los yog Yog, Kuv xav pab txhim kho Scratch. Yog tias koj xaiv Yog, cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav raug xa mus rau Pab Pawg. Pab pawg Scratch tsis sau cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug.
Kauj ruam 2. Ntxiv keeb kwm yav dhau
Txhawm rau ntxiv keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv Kos, nyem lub cim uas zoo ib yam li daim duab nyob hauv kaum sab xis. Tom qab ntawd xaiv cov duab los siv ua keeb kwm yav dhau. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov tab nyob rau sab saud txhawm rau txheeb xyuas keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm qeb lossis siv kab ntawv tshawb fawb nyob rau sab saud sab laug los tshawb rau keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm lub npe.
- Txhawm rau rub koj tus kheej keeb kwm yav dhau los, yuj tus cursor nas hla lub cim uas zoo ib yam li duab thiab nyem lub cim uas zoo ib yam li trey nrog tus xub taw tes. Nyem ib daim duab uas koj xav siv ua keeb kwm yav dhau thiab nyem Qhib.
- Txhawm rau kos koj tus kheej keeb kwm yav dhau, yuj tus cursor nas hla lub cim uas zoo ib yam li duab thiab nyem lub cim uas zoo ib yam xim txhuam. Siv cov xim pleev xim rau koj tus kheej keeb kwm yav dhau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv tus sprite
Sprites yog cov khoom duab uas yog ib feem ntawm qhov kev ua si. Lawv tuaj yeem yog tus neeg ua si tus cwj pwm, yeeb ncuab lossis teeb meem, cov cim tsis yog neeg uas ua ntawv, kev txhawb zog thiab siv tau, lossis cov khoom tom qab ua yeeb yaj kiab. Txhawm rau ntxiv tus sprite, nyem lub cim uas zoo ib yam li miv nyob hauv kaum sab xis. Tom qab ntawd nyem qhov sprite koj xav ntxiv rau koj qhov xwm txheej.
- Zoo li keeb kwm yav dhau, koj tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab pleev xim koj tus kheej sprites rau koj qhov xwm txheej. Txhawm rau ua li ntawd, yuj tus cursor nas hla lub cim uas zoo ib yam li miv thiab nyem lub cim uas zoo ib yam li lub tseb nrog tus xub taw tes taw qhia kom rub koj tus kheej rau saum. Nyem rau lub cim uas zoo li tus txhuam hniav los pleev xim koj tus kheej.
- Yog tias koj xav rho tawm ib tus sprite, nyem rau sprite hauv cov npe hauv qab no Preview window nyob rau ntawm kaum sab xis thiab nyem rau Rho tawm tus yuam sij
Kauj Ruam 4. Rub tus sprite qhov twg koj xav kom nws yog thaum pib ntawm qhov kev ua si
Lub qhov rai saib ua ntej yog nyob rau ntawm kaum sab xis. Nyem thiab rub tus sprite mus rau qhov chaw uas koj xav kom nws yog thaum pib ntawm qhov kev ua si.
Ntu 3 ntawm 4: Ntxiv Kev Tswj thiab Kev Tshaj Tawm rau Sprite
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyem rau sprite koj xav ntxiv kev tswj hwm rau
Nyem rau lub cim sprite hauv qab lub qhov rai saib ua ntej nyob rau sab xis saum toj los xaiv tus sprite.
Kauj ruam 2. Nyem rau Code tab
Nws yog thawj lub tab nyob rau sab saud sab laug hauv qab Scratch logo.
Kauj Ruam 3. Luag qhov xwm txheej thaiv mus rau thaj tsam chaws
Hauv Scratch, coding yog ua tiav siv cov block. Txhua qhov thaiv tau teev nyob rau hauv vaj huam sib luag rau sab laug hauv qab cov block tab. Cov thaiv yog xim-coded los ntawm hom. Cov xwm txheej thaiv yog xim-xim daj. Nyem qhov daj rau sab laug kom dhia mus rau cov xwm txheej. Tom qab ntawd rub qhov xwm txheej thaiv mus rau thaj tsam chaws rau sab xis ntawm daim ntawv teev cov khoom thaiv. Ib qho xwm txheej tuaj yeem yog qee yam xws li "Thaum qhov sprite no tau nyem", "Thaum twg [qhov tseem ceeb] raug nias" lossis "Thaum twg [ntsuab chij icon] tau nyem".
Qhov kev sib tw game pib thaum koj nyem lub cim chij ntsuab saum lub qhov rai saib ua ntej. Siv qhov thaiv uas hais tias "Thaum [lub cim ntsuab chij] raug nyem" los tsim qhov kev nqis tes uas pib sai li sai tau thaum qhov kev ua si pib. Nws nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Cov Xwm Txheej. Nws muaj lub cim nrog tus chij ntsuab nyob hauv
Kauj Ruam 4. Txuas ib qho thaiv hauv qab qhov xwm txheej thaiv
Cov lus tsa suab yog xim-xim hauv xiav, thiab Saib cov duab yog xim-xim xim liab. Nrhiav qhov thaiv rau yam koj xav kom muaj tshwm sim. Luag nws mus rau thaj tsam chaws thiab muab nws tso rau hauv qab qhov xwm txheej thaiv hauv cheeb tsam chaws. Daim ntawv ceeb toom tias cov blocks muaj qhov thais saum toj thiab hauv qab lawv li cas. Ntxig lub thais rau qhov txiav txim rau hauv qhov kev tshwm sim thaiv.
- Yog tias lub block muaj tus xub taw qhia nqis (⏷), nyem lub xub kom pom cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco-down. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv (xws li cov keyboard tseem ceeb) los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco-down.
- Yog tias lub thaiv muaj cov npuas dawb nrog cov ntawv hauv nws, koj tuaj yeem hloov cov ntawv hauv cov npuas.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim nrog cov thaiv
Nws yuav siv me ntsis ntawm kev sim txhawm rau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas thiaj tau txais cov block los ua qhov koj xav tau. Sim txuas cov thaiv sib txawv thiab pom dab tsi tshwm sim. Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb qhov piv txwv uas koj tuaj yeem sim.
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Piv txwv thaiv 1:
Xaiv "Thaum qhov sprite no tau nyem" raws li qhov xwm txheej thaiv. Tom qab ntawd txuas qhov thaiv uas hais tias "hais [nyob zoo!] Rau [2] vib nas this" los ntawm Lub ntsej muag zoo.
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Piv txwv thaiv 2:
Txhawm rau ua tus sprite txav mus rau sab laug thiab sab xis thaum koj nias sab laug thiab txoj cai xub tuav, ntxiv cov xwm txheej thaiv uas hais tias "Thaum [sab xub xub ⏷] raug nias". Koj yuav tsum xaiv tus yuam sij xub xub los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco hauv ntu. Tom qab ntawd txuas ib qho thaiv uas hais tias "taw tes rau hauv kev coj [90]" los ntawm cov lus tsa suab. Tom qab ntawv txuas lwm cov lus tsa suab uas hais tias "txav mus [10] cov kauj ruam". Tom qab ntawd rub lwm qhov kev tshwm sim rau hauv thaj chaw code uas hais tias "Thaum [sab laug xub ⏷] raug nias" txuas cov lus tsa suab uas hais tias "taw tes rau hauv kev taw qhia [-90]", thiab txuas lwm cov lus tsa suab uas hais tias "txav [10] cov kauj ruam ".
Ntu 4 ntawm 4: Ntxiv Qhov Hloov Pauv thiab Tshawb Xyuas Kev Sib Cais
Kauj Ruam 1. Nyem Variables
Nws yog cov txiv kab ntxwv teev nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag rau sab laug. Qhov no qhia txog qhov hloov pauv tau. Variables yog yam uas siv los ua tej yam xws li tus qhab nia, lub neej, ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv, thiab lwm yam.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyem Ua Qhov Hloov Pauv
Nws yog saum cov npe ntawm cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no qhib lub qhov rai koj tuaj yeem siv los ua koj tus kheej hloov pauv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntaus lub npe rau koj qhov sib txawv thiab nyem Ok
Koj tuaj yeem sau nws qee yam xws li "Score" lossis "Lives" lossis xijpeem koj xav hloov thaum koj sprites sib tsoo.
Kauj Ruam 4. Luag qhov thaiv uas hais tias "Thaum [lub cim ntsuab chij] raug nyem" hauv thaj chaw chaws
Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej block. Nws yog qhov thaiv nrog tus chij ntsuab hauv cov ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Txuas qhov thaiv uas hais tias "Teeb [hloov pauv] mus rau [dawb paug]"
Nws nyob hauv cov blocks sib txawv. Siv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco hauv ntu los xaiv qhov sib txawv uas koj tsim.
Kauj Ruam 6. Ntaus tus lej koj xav kom hloov pauv tau thaum pib ua si hauv cov npuas dawb
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tsim tus qhab nia, koj yuav teeb nws rau "0" thaum pib ntawm qhov kev ua si. Rau lub neej, sau tus lej ntawm lub neej uas koj xav kom koj tus yam ntxwv muaj thaum pib ntawm qhov kev ua si.
Kauj Ruam 7. Txuas lub voj "Forever" tom qab teeb tsa qhov sib txawv
Nws nyob hauv ntu "Control". Qhov thaiv no muaj qhov thais nyob hauv nruab nrab kom ntxiv cov thaiv nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm nws.
Kauj Ruam 8. Txuas ib qho "Yog/Tom Qab" saib hauv nruab nrab ntawm "Ib Leeg" qhov thaiv
Qhov "Yog/Tom Qab" thaiv kuj tseem muaj qhov thais hauv nruab nrab. Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj tus lej hexagon tom qab "Yog".
Kauj Ruam 9. Ntxiv qhov "Touching" block hauv tus lej hexagon
Qhov "Kov" thaiv yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm Cov Kev Pom Zoo. Luag nws rau hauv tus lej hexagon hauv qhov "Yog/Tom Qab" thaiv.
Kauj Ruam 10. Xaiv lwm tus sprite sib txawv uas koj tus tswj tuav tau tuaj yeem kov tau
Siv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco hauv ntu los xaiv lwm tus sprite. Piv txwv, nws tuaj yeem yog tus yeeb ncuab sib ntaus, ua kom muaj zog, lossis cov khoom yooj yim uas hloov pauv koj cov qhab nia.
Kauj Ruam 11. Txuas cov blocks koj xav kom tshwm sim thaum cov sprites sib tsoo
Yog tias koj xav tsim txoj hauv kev tuag ua ntu zus, uas yuav siv qee qhov kev sim nrog cov lus tsa suab tswj kom ua kom raug. Txhawm rau hloov qhov sib txawv, txuas qhov sib txawv uas hais tias "hloov pauv [hloov pauv] los ntawm [khoob] mus rau" Yog/Tom qab ntawd "thaiv. Nkag mus rau qhov koj xav kom nws hloov los ntawm cov npuas dawb. Piv txwv li, nkag mus "1" hauv cov npuas dawb kom nce koj cov qhab nia los ntawm 1 lub ntsiab lus. Yog tias koj xav coj lub neej tam sim ntawd, sau "-1" hauv qhov dawb npuas.
