Ib txoj haujlwm zoo rau txhua tus neeg nyiam hnub qub nrog txawm tias hint ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ua txuj ci tseem ceeb yog ua cov duab nyoos los ntawm Hubble Space Telescope (HST) rau hauv cov xim uas peb xav pom hauv kev luam tawm.
Hubble cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm hauv cov nplai grey tab sis nrog daim ntawv thov rub tawm dawb thiab ib qho duab kho duab koj tuaj yeem tig qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv ib qho ze ze ntawm qhov tseeb lossis ua haujlwm zoo ntawm kev kos duab.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 5: Tshawb Nrhiav Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) rau cov duab
Hubble Legacy Archive tau nthuav tawm xyoo 2006 nrog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua kom Hubble cov kev soj ntsuam nkag mus tau yooj yim hauv kev siv tus phooj ywg. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag cov ntawv khaws cia tuaj yeem txaus ntshai me ntsis tab sis nrog kev xyaum me ntsis nws dhau los ua qhov xav tsis thoob.
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhib Hubble Legacy Archive ntawm
Nyem "Enter Site".
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav lub npov tshawb fawb thiab cov npe piv txwv tshawb hauv qab no
Koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov khoom los ntawm ntau tus qauv: New General Catalog (NGC) tus lej, IPPPSSOOT cov npe, daim ntawv thov ID, chaw nyob, thiab txawm tias lub npe xws li "Eagle Nebula" uas tau hais tawm tsam NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) lossis SIMBAD Astronomical Database thaum tsim nyog
Kauj Ruam 3. Rau phau ntawv qhia no, nkag mus rau "NGC 604" rau hauv lub npov, uas yog Tus Txheej Txheem Tshiab Tus lej Cim Cim rau "The Triangulum Emission Garren Nebula"
Kauj Ruam 4. Nyem qhov txuas tshawb fawb txuas thiab xaiv tsuas yog WFPC2 (Dav Teb thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb Lub Koob Yees Duab 2), WFC 3 (Wide Field Camera 3), thiab ACS (Advanced Lub Koob Yees Duab rau Kev Tshawb Fawb) hauv Cov Ntsiab Lus.
Cov koob yees duab no muab cov duab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib sau ua cov khoom kawg xim.
Kauj Ruam 5. Hloov Cov Khoom Cov Ntaub Ntawv mus rau "Ua ke (Qib 2)"
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyem Nrhiav
Qhov no yuav tsum rov qab 62 cov txiaj ntsig.
Kauj Ruam 7. Nrhiav lub tab "Duab" txhawm rau txheeb cov ntaub ntawv ua cov duab me me kom pom yooj yim
Kauj Ruam 8. Tshawb cov txiaj ntsig kom tau txais kev xav rau cov ntaub ntawv hauv HLA
Koj tuaj yeem nthuav cov duab los ntawm txhaj "Sib Tham Sib Tham" hauv qab cov duab me me.
Nrhiav cov npe ntawm lwm yam khoom uas koj xav tau los tshawb nrhiav hauv qab no.
Ntu 2 ntawm 5: Xaiv cov duab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua
Hubble Space Telescope siv ntau lub lim dej sib txawv thaum siv cov duab ntawm cov khoom. Cov lim dej dav tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov duab xim yog F435W, F439W, F450W, F555W, F606W, F675W, F702W, F791W, thiab F814W. Cov lim lim nqaim siv suav nrog F437N, F502N, F656N, F658N, thiab F673N. Tus lej suav sau tus lej hla nruab nrab ntawm cov lim ntsuas hauv nanometers (F435W piv txwv yog 435 nm dav dav lim.)
Kauj Ruam 1. Nrhiav tus duab plaub hauv qhov tshwm sim rau kev tshawb nrhiav ntawm NGC 604 saum toj no thiab koj yuav pom cov npe ntawv "hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f814w_wf" hauv qab nws
Qhov khoom thib ob zaum kawg hauv lub npe (f814) yog lub lim siv los coj cov duab. Cov khoom ncaj qha ua ntej nws (wfpc2) xaiv nws tau coj nrog Lub Dav Dav thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb Lub Koob Yees Duab 2.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nrhiav peb cais cov duab lim los tsim koj cov sib xyaw
Peb cov duab tom qab yuav muab tso ua ke rau txhua tus sawv cev ntawm ib qho ntawm peb xim hauv RGB (Liab, Ntsuab Xiav).
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov txheej lim zoo yuav yog WFPC2 F450W (Xiav), WFPC2 F555W (Ntsuab), thiab WFPC2 F814W (Liab)
Kauj Ruam 3. Txhawm rau rub koj cov duab, nyem rau kab "FITS-Science" txuas thiab "Tseg Raws Li" lossis koj tuaj yeem nyem nws ntxiv cov khoom rau hauv koj lub "Cart" thiab rub tawm lawv hauv ib pawg los ntawm txhaj "Cart" tab ntawm sab saum toj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb
Rau phau ntawv qhia no, rub tawm hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f814w_wf, hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f555w_wf, thiab hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f336w_wf. F814W koj yuav liab, F555W ntsuab, thiab F336W xiav. Nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv loj heev thiab yuav siv ob peb feeb los rub tawm
Ntu 3 ntawm 5: Hloov cov duab hloov pauv yooj yim thauj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv cov duab ua haujlwm tau
Koj yuav pom tias sai li sai tau thaum koj tau txais koj cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv muaj qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm.fits thiab tsis muaj cov haujlwm hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj tuaj yeem qhib lawv. FITS sawv cev rau Cov Khoom Siv Yooj Yim Yooj Yim Thauj Khoom thiab yog hom ntawv siv los khaws thiab tso cai rau kev tshawb fawb thiab lwm yam duab.
Kauj Ruam 1. Txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog FITS cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv thov pub dawb me me hu ua FITS Liberator
Qhov no tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm https://www.spacetelescope.org/projects/fits_liberator/download_v301/. Rub tawm thiab teeb tsa lub Windows lossis Mac version nyob ntawm koj lub operating system.
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhib FITS Liberator thiab mus rau ib qho ntawm cov ntawv rub tawm ua ntej
Txog tam sim no, xaiv hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f814w_wf_drz.fits.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ua tibzoo saib ib ncig ntawm lub software ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov sib txawv uas koj tuaj yeem ua
Ua si nrog qee cov nyees khawm thiab pom qhov hloov pauv rau daim duab saib ua ntej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nyem rau qhov "Reset" khawm ntawm sab laug kom xa cov duab rau nws daim ntawv qub
Kauj Ruam 5. Rau tam sim no, koj tsuas yog siv qhov yooj yim rub ntawm cov duab ua ntej koj khaws cia
Nrhiav qhov "Stretch" drop-down uas muaj cov lej ua ntej thiab xaiv Log (Log (x)).
Kauj Ruam 6. Nyem "Save File" thiab khaws TIFF cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw nkag tau yooj yim
Hloov lub npe cov ntaub ntawv kom phim cov lim (piv txwv li, txuag hst_05237_02_wfpc2_f814w_wf_drz.fits li f814.tif).
Kauj Ruam 7. Ua tib yam rau lwm ob daim duab FITS
ArcSin (h) ua haujlwm kuj ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab qee zaum koj yuav xav kho qib qib ntawm tes. Phau ntawv qhia no yuav ua kom yooj yim.
Ntu 4 ntawm 5: Scaling thiab kho cov duab
Vim tias Hubble cov duab tau tsim los ntawm kev nthuav tawm ntev thiab txhua yam hauv qhov chaw, suav nrog lub tsom iav tsom iav, tau txav mus los, koj peb cov duab yuav zoo li tsis zoo ib yam. Koj yuav tsum tau siv tus kws kho duab los kab txhua yam kom ntseeg tau tias thaum koj tsim koj cov duab xim, tsis muaj kab tsis meej. Kab lus no siv Adobe Photoshop CS6 tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv GIMP lossis lwm yam kev hloov kho uas ua haujlwm nrog txheej.
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhib koj thawj daim duab hauv koj tus kws kho kom ntseeg tau tias txheej yog lub npe zoo ib yam li cov ntawv
Txog tam sim no, siv f814w.tif thiab hu rau txheej f814w.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab koj cov duab thib ob thiab thib peb tso rau saum tus thawj hauv lawv tus kheej txheej; ib zaug ntxiv, xyuas kom cov txheej tau teev npe rau cov ntaub ntawv
Hauv Photoshop koj tuaj yeem siv Cov Ntaub Ntawv -> Qhov chaw kom ua tiav qhov no yooj yim (nco ntsoov rasterize cov duab tso).
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaiv koj txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus thiab nthuav dav rau thaj tsam uas muaj cov hnub qub
Kauj Ruam 4. Txo qhov opacity mus rau ntawm 50% thiab 60% kom koj tuaj yeem pom cov hnub qub los ntawm txheej hauv qab no
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib cov hnub qub uas tshwm nyob rau hauv ob txheej thiab ua rau txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus kom ua tau kab
Kauj Ruam 6. Rov qab txheej sab saum toj mus rau 100% opacity
Tom qab ntawd zais nws los ntawm txhaj qhov muag nyob ib sab ntawm lub npe txheej.
Kauj Ruam 7. Xaiv cov txheej nruab nrab thiab txo qhov opacity rau nruab nrab ntawm 50% thiab 60%
Kauj Ruam 8. Tuav tus yuam sij ua haujlwm kom xaiv ob txheej txheej nruab nrab thiab txheej txheej sab saum toj (cov duab tam sim no tau teeb tsa kom peb xav txav lawv ua ke)
Kauj Ruam 9. Nrhiav lub hnub qub uas tshwm nyob rau hauv nruab nrab thiab hauv qab txheej raws li siv rau kab khoom
Kauj Ruam 10. Rov qab txheej nruab nrab mus rau 100% tsis pom kev thiab tsis zais cov txheej saum toj
Kauj Ruam 11. Siv tus yuam sij ua haujlwm kom xaiv tag nrho peb txheej
Kauj Ruam 12. Siv lub cuab yeej xaiv los xaiv thaj tsam ntawm daim duab uas koj xav ua haujlwm nrog
Tom qab ntawd siv cov cuab yeej qoob loo los xoob txhua yam ntxiv. Koj yuav xav tau tig koj qhov kev xaiv lossis tag nrho peb txheej kom tau txais thaj tsam uas koj xav tau - tsuas yog nco ntsoov tias tag nrho peb txheej yuav tsum nyob twj ywm xaiv kom koj tsis thim koj txoj haujlwm los saum toj no.
Kauj Ruam 13. Tig cov khoom kawg tab sis koj nyiam
Ntu 5 ntawm 5: Nqa tawm cov xim
Thaum kawg koj xav nqa tawm cov xim; nws yog qhov laj thawj uas koj tau ua txhua txoj haujlwm no.
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv koj txheej txheej saum toj kawg nkaus hauv Photoshop thiab nyem Ctrl+A ntawm koj cov keyboard kom xaiv tag nrho cov canvas
Kauj Ruam 2. Nyem Ctrl+C ntawm koj cov keyboard los theej tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm txheej
Kauj Ruam 3. Nyem Cov Ntaub Ntawv -> Tshiab lossis Ctrl+N los tsim cov duab tshiab
Nws yuav tsum cia li teeb tsa qhov loj me ntawm cov duab koj tau theej; tsuas yog qhov koj yuav tsum tau hloov yog qhov tob ntawm cov duab los ntawm 16 ntsis txog 8 ntsis thiab lub npe ntawm daim duab mus rau lub npe ntawm txheej uas koj tau theej. (Yog tias koj theej cov txheej hu ua f814w, hu rau daim duab f814w.)
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov ntawv luam theej duab rau daim duab tshiab uas siv Ctrl+V lossis los ntawm kev mus rau "Kho kom raug" ntawv qhia zaub mov thiab tom qab ntawd "Muab tshuaj txhuam"
Kauj Ruam 5. Ua tib yam rau lwm ob txheej kom txog thaum koj muaj peb daim duab tshiab, txhua nrog ib txheej
Txij ntawm no koj tuaj yeem kaw thawj daim duab peb txheej.
Kauj Ruam 6. Flatten txhua daim duab los ntawm txoj cai txhaj rau txheej thiab xaiv "Flatten"
Kauj Ruam 7. Ntawm koj daim duab thib peb, qhib lub "Channels" window los ntawm "Windows" menu
Kauj Ruam 8. Nyem rau lub cim icon nyob rau sab saum toj sab tes xis ntawm lub qhov rai thiab nyem "Merge Channels"
Yog tias qhov kev xaiv ua ke tau greyed, koj cov duab tsis yog flattened lossis tsis yog 8 Bits. Koj tuaj yeem kho qhov no hauv Duab -> Hom ntawv qhia zaub mov.
Kauj Ruam 9. Xaiv "RGB" rau hom thiab 3 rau tus lej ntawm cov channel thiab nyem OK
Kauj Ruam 10. Teem koj lub lim qis tshaj li xiav, nruab nrab li ntsuab, thiab siab tshaj li liab
Rau phau ntawv qhia no, nws yuav tsum yog Liab: 814, Ntsuab: 555, Xiav: 336.
Kauj ruam 11. Nyem OK
Koj yuav raug nthuav qhia tam sim nrog cov duab xim.
Qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm daim duab yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej xaiv, thiab cov chaw siv hauv FITS Liberator
Kauj Ruam 12. Siv qib thiab kho qhov nkhaus ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev thiab tag nrho cov duab kom mus txog qhov khoom koj zoo siab
Ua si nrog koj cov txiaj ntsig thiab koj tuaj yeem ua qee yam zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Cov duab rau sab xis yog ntawm NGC 6357 thiab tau siv WFC F658N rau xiav, WFC F660N rau liab, thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm ob rau ntsuab siv tib txoj hauv kev nrog hnyav tom qab ua tiav
Lub tswv yim
- Muaj ib tsab xov xwm zoo hauv Lub Xya Hli 2012 qhov teeb meem Ntuj thiab Lub Koob Yees Duab ntawm kev siv cov txheej txheem no yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav ua cov duab kom ze rau txoj hauv kev uas cov kws tshaj lij ua.
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Lwm yam khoom kom koj pib muaj xws li:
- Ant Nebula - Mz 3 (Menzel 3)
- Antennae Galaxies - NGC 4038/NGC 4039 lossis Caldwell 60/61
- Lub Orion Nebula - Messier 42, M42, lossis NGC 1976
- Eagle Nebula - Messier 16 lossis M16, thiab NGC 6611.
- Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv saib Wikipedia cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv astronomical:
- Feem ntau cov duab hauv HLA yuav tsis muaj txhua feem ntawm ib qho khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws yog lub hnub qub loj. Hauv cov xwm txheej no koj yuav tsum tau siv koj tus kws kho duab duab los kos cov khoom ua ke.
- Kev lom zem tiag tiag ntawm kev ua Hubble cov ntaub ntawv yog nrhiav cov khoom lossis thaj chaw uas tsis tau ua tiav ua ntej thiab coj lawv mus rau lub neej. Ua qee qhov khawb thiab koj tuaj yeem pom qee qhov khoom me me lossis tsis paub.