Thaum koj tuav pob zeb hnyav, pob zeb uas koj tuav hauv koj txhais tes yog ib yam khoom qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Igneous pob zeb tau tsim los ntawm lava, magma lossis tshauv los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tawg lossis ntws. Los ntawm kev paub txog lawv cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsis tsuas yog tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lwm hom pob zeb, koj yuav tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas hom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog uas lawv muaj.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Txheeb Cov Pob Zeb Igneous
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb cais cov pob zeb kub hnyiab ua ob yam loj:
intrusive los yog extrusive. Txhua yam ntawm cov pob zeb no yuav muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav pab koj paub qhov txawv ntawm koj lub pob zeb uas muaj roj av.
- Magma yog cov pob zeb yaj uas ntws hauv qab lub ntiaj teb. Igneous pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm txias magma.
- Qhov chaw ntawm kev tsim cov pob zeb, ntxiv rau qhov nrawm ntawm magma txias yuav txiav txim seb hom pob zeb tawg.
- Cov pob zeb cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov txias ntawm magma tob hauv qab lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av. Txij li qhov no tshwm sim hauv qab lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av, magma yuav txias heev.
- Raws li magma txias, nws yuav tsim muaju.
- Cov pob zeb cuam tshuam muaj cov nplais loj feem ntau tsim ua ke los tsim cov pob zeb loj.
- Ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb uas tsis nkag siab yog granite.
- Thaum magma nyob saum lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, nws paub tias yog lava.
- Cov pob zeb nthuav tawm los ntawm kev txias txias heev ntawm lava saum lub ntiaj teb saum npoo av.
- Extrusive pob zeb muaj me me, yuav luag me me muaju. Cov no feem ntau piav raws li pob zeb zoo nkauj. Koj feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem pom cov no nrog qhov muag liab qab.
- Qhov feem ntau hom pob zeb extrusive yog basalt.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb xyuas hom kev ntxhib los mos ntawm koj lub pob zeb
Muaj 7 qhov sib txawv sib txawv hauv chav kawm rau cov nplaim taws, txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb.
- Pegmatitic igneous pob zeb muaj cov nplais loj heev, ntau dua li 1 cm. Cov no yog hom txias txias tshaj plaws ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj nplaim taws.
- Nco ntsoov, qeeb pob zeb txias, qhov loj dua cov muaju yuav muaj.
- Phaneritic igneous pob zeb tau tsim los ntawm kev sib txuam muaju uas me dua li muaju hauv pegmatitic tab sis tseem pom tau nrog qhov muag liab qab.
- Porphyritic igneous pob zeb muaj cov nplais ntawm ob qhov sib txawv, feem ntau nrog cov muaju loj teev nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov muaju me me.
- Aphanitic igneous pob zeb muaj qhov ua kom zoo nkauj thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv cov muaju me me dhau los pom nrog qhov muag liab qab. Koj yuav tsum tau siv lub iav tsom iav kom pom cov muaju hauv cov pob zeb aphanitic.
- Igneous pob zeb uas tsim sai heev rau cov nplais los tsim muaj qhov hu ua iav zoo nkauj. Obsidian yog lub pob zeb uas muaj iav xwb, thiab tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm nws cov xim tsaus. Qhov no zoo li iav dub tsaus.
- Vesicular igneous pob zeb, xws li pumice, zoo li npuas thiab tsim ua ntej cov pa roj tuaj yeem khiav tawm raws li lava tsim cov pob zeb. Qhov no kuj tsim nrog txias txias heev.
- Pyroclastic igneous rock yog ib qho kev ntxhib los mos ntawm cov tawg tawg tawg xws li zoo heev (tshauv) mus rau ntxhib heev (tuffs thiab breccias).
Kauj Ruam 3. Saib ntawm koj lub pob zeb
Muaj pes tsawg leeg hais txog feem pua ntawm qee cov zaub mov hauv koj pob zeb. Koj yuav xav tau daim ntawv qhia pob zeb txhawm rau txiav txim seb cov zaub mov muaj nyob hauv koj pob zeb. Muaj plaub hom ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov pob zeb kub hnyiab:
- Txheeb xyuas qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm koj lub pob zeb tuaj yeem nyuaj heev yog tias koj tsis yog tus paub txog pob zeb los yog geologist.
- Yog tias koj muaj lus nug txog yuav txheeb xyuas pob zeb li cas, hu rau tus neeg sau khoom lossis tus kws tshawb fawb geology ntawm tsev kawm qib siab lossis tsev kawm qib siab hauv ib cheeb tsam.
- Felsic igneous pob zeb yog lub teeb xim. Lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg feem ntau yog feldspars thiab silicates xws li quartz.
- Granite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb felsic.
- Felsic pob zeb muaj qhov ntom ntom thiab muaj 0-15% mafic muaju. Mafic cov zaub mov yog olivine, pyroxene, amphibole, thiab biotite.
- Mafic igneous pob zeb muaj xim tsaus thiab feem ntau yog cov hlau thiab hlau. Lawv muaj 46-85% mafic ntxhia pob zeb thiab muaj qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom.
- Basalt yog piv txwv ntawm mafic pob zeb.
- Ultramafic igneous pob zeb kuj tsaus xim thiab muaj ntau dua ntawm cov zaub mov pom hauv mafic pob zeb. Cov pob zeb no muaj ntau dua 85% mafic ntxhia pob zeb.
- Dunite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb ultramafic.
- Cov pob zeb nruab nrab nruab nrab muaj 15-45% mafic ntxhia pob zeb. Lawv faib cov zaub mov nrog ob lub felsic thiab mafic pob zeb thiab muaj xim nruab nrab.
- Diorite yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb nruab nrab.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Qhov Sib txawv Ntawm Cov Pob Zeb Loj
Kauj Ruam 1. Paub qhov sib txawv ntawm peb hom pob zeb loj
Peb hom pob zeb loj yog igneous, metamorphic, thiab sedimentary.
- Igneous pob zeb yog tsim los ntawm kev nrawm lossis qeeb txias ntawm magma/lava.
- Metamorphic pob zeb hloov daim ntawv raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm tshav kub, siab, lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
- Sedimentary pob zeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb me me, cov pob txha, thiab cov pob zeb.
Kauj Ruam 2. Saib koj lub pob zeb kom pom tias yog txheej txheej
Lub xub ntiag thiab kev faib khoom ntawm txheej tuaj yeem pab koj txheeb xyuas hom pob zeb tseem ceeb uas koj muaj.
- Yog tias lub pob zeb yog txheej, nws yuav muaj ntu sib txawv uas muaj xim sib txawv thiab yuav lossis tsis muaj cov muaju me me los yog pob txha. Koj yuav tsum tau saib cov no hauv qab lub tsom iav loj.
- Hauv ntu ntu, txheej hauv pob zeb yuav zoo li cov xim sib txawv kab txaij nyob saum ib sab.
- Lub xub ntiag thiab kev faib khoom ntawm txheej tuaj yeem pab koj txheeb xyuas hom pob zeb tseem ceeb uas koj muaj.
- Igneous pob zeb tsis yog txheej. Yog tias koj lub pob zeb muaj txheej nws yuav yog cov pob zeb hloov pauv lossis pob zeb ua pob zeb.
- Cov pob zeb hauv av yuav muaj txheej uas softy thiab crumbly, thiab suav nrog av nkos, xuab zeb lossis pob zeb.
- Sedimentary pob zeb tuaj yeem muaj cov nplais. Yog tias cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg hauv koj lub pob zeb tau ua los ntawm cov nplais ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv, tom qab ntawd koj lub pob zeb yog cov pob zeb.
- Cov pob zeb Metamorphic muaj cov txheej ua cov muaju uas zoo ib yam.
- Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob zeb metamorphic tseem tau muab tais thiab deformed.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tshuaj xyuas koj lub pob zeb seb puas pom muaj cov nplej
Koj yuav tsum siv lub iav tsom iav los ua qhov no, vim tias qee cov nplej thiab muaju tuaj yeem ua rau me me thiab koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv nrog qhov muag liab qab. Yog tias koj lub pob zeb pom cov nplej, npaj mus rau qib tom ntej los cais koj cov pob zeb raws li hom nplej. Yog tias tsis muaj cov nplej pom, siv cov hauv qab no txhawm rau cais koj pob zeb:
- Igneous pob zeb yog tuab heev thiab tawv. Lawv yuav muaj cov iav zoo li.
- Metamorphic pob zeb kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau pom iav. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm cov pob zeb uas muaj zog raws li qhov tseeb tias cov pob zeb hloov pauv zoo li yuav tawg, hnyav, thiab xim dub tsis pom kev.
- Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb uas tsis muaj cov nplej yuav zoo li cov av qhuav lossis av nkos.
- Sedimentary pob zeb uas tsis muaj cov nplej kuj zoo li muag muag, vim lawv feem ntau tuaj yeem khawb tau yooj yim nrog rau cov rau tes. Cov pob zeb no tseem yuav hnov mob rau hydrochloric acid.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txheeb cais hom qoob loo hauv koj lub pob zeb
Nco ntsoov, tsis yog txhua pob zeb yuav pom cov nplej. Cov nplej yuav tshwm li me me ntawm cov xuab zeb, pob txha, lossis muaju.
- Tsuas yog cov pob zeb metamorphic thiab sedimentary yuav muaj cov pob txha. Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yuav pom cov pob txha xws li tag nrho lossis ib nrab nplooj, cov plhaub, cov hneev taw thiab lwm yam.
- Cov pob zeb ua pob zeb yuav muaj cov nplej ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb, av av lossis pob zeb. Cov nplej no tuaj yeem sib npaug hauv cov duab (clastic), lossis ua los ntawm lwm cov pob zeb.
- Yog tias koj cov nplej muaj cov nplais, koj tuaj yeem siv qhov taw qhia thiab qhov loj ntawm cov nplais los txheeb xyuas pob zeb.
- Igneous pob zeb muaj cov nplais uas tau nkag mus ncaj qha. Lawv tuaj yeem muaj cov nplais loj hauv av loj nrog cov muaju me me.
- Sedimentary pob zeb muaj cov nplais uas yooj yim tawg lossis khawb.
- Cov pob zeb Metamorphic muaj cov nplais uas muaj cov xim daj lossis daj. Cov no feem ntau ntev thiab tau teeb tsa hauv cov qauv sib luag.
Kauj Ruam 5. Saib koj lub pob zeb kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntxiv
Koj xav saib rau txhua yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov xim hlau lossis cov qauv ntws yooj yim.
- Cov pob zeb uas muaj cov xim hlau zoo li cov nplais lossis du zoo nkauj yog cov qauv.
- Igneous pob zeb tuaj yeem muaj qhov ntxhib los mos. Qhov no yog thaum lub pob zeb zoo li ntxeem tau nrog ntau lub qhov.
- Pumice yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pob zeb uas muaj ntxhib ntxhib.
- Igneous pob zeb yuav nyuaj heev. Ntau hom pob zeb uas muaj cov nplaim taws muaj cov pob zeb uas ntws tau zoo nyob hauv lawv.
