Cov tsom iav me me tau siv los tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob ib leeg-celled thiab saib ze rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag me thiab kab mob. Muaj ob hom kev npaj ua swb: ntu qhuav thiab ntub ntub. Txhua hom kev npaj yog siv rau kev sib txuas ntau hom cell. Yog tias koj ntub ntub qhov tshwj xeeb daj los yog cov lus pom zoo, koj yuav xav tau ua kom cov hnoos qeev kom nws pom hauv qab lub tsom iav.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Npaj Lub Qhuav Mount
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv tus swb huv
Tuav tus swb mus rau lub teeb pom kev thiab saib los xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias nws tsis muaj av nkos thiab av. Feem ntau lub tshuab tsom iav yog tiaj tiaj rau saum thiab hauv qab thiab duab plaub hauv duab. Lawv yog qhov tseeb, tso cai pom lub teeb los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav kom dhau mus thiab ua kom pom qhov pom tseeb ntawm cov qauv piv txwv. Yog tias koj swb yog qias neeg los yog av nplaum, koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tshuaj xyuas koj cov hnoos qeev tau zoo.
Yog tias koj pom tias koj lub tshuab tsom me me muaj kab mob sib kis ntawm nws-suav nrog koj tus kheej cov ntiv tes-muab nws ntxuav sai nrog xab npum thiab dej. Qhuav tus swb siv daim ntaub huv. Tsis txhob siv ntaub so ntswg lossis ntaub so tes, vim cov no tuaj yeem tso daim lint tso tom qab
Kauj Ruam 2. Txheeb cov hnoos qeev los txiav txim seb nws puas yuav tsum tau muab hlais
Cov hnoos qeev yuav tsum tau ua kom pom tseeb (lossis semitransparent) kom pob tshab txhawm rau kom lub teeb dhau mus. Yog tias lub teeb tsis tuaj yeem hla dhau qhov hnoos qeev thiab mus rau lub tshuab tsom iav qhov muag, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom cov hnoos qeev los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav.
Qee qhov piv txwv (piv txwv li, cov plaub hau lossis kab tis) yog nyias thiab zoo ib yam ntawm lawv tus kheej, thiab yuav tsis tas yuav tsum tau txiav nrog rab chais hniav
Kauj Ruam 3. Txiav ib daim nyias nyias ntawm cov hnoos qeev
Siv rab chais hniav los txiav koj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv nyias nyias, txhais tau tias zoo. Qhuav mounts yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws los npaj txij li lawv tsis siv cov kua nruab nrab ntawm cov swb thiab cov qauv. Ib qho chaw qhuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau tshuaj xyuas cov qauv uas tsis muaj feem yuav ua kom qhuav. Cov ntaub ntawv uas feem ntau qhuav qhuav muaj xws li:
- Cork los yog ntoo balsa.
- Paj tawg paj los yog nplooj.
- Kab ceg los yog tis.
- Plaub, plaub, los yog plaub.
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab cov hnoos qeev tso rau ntawm qhov swb
Siv ob rab quab yuam kom khaws cov hlais nyias ntawm koj cov qauv ua piv txwv. Muab nws tso rau ntawm ib sab ntawm tus swb. Yog tias koj tab tom siv lub voos xwmfab concave (nyob rau hauv uas ib sab poob qis), tso cov hnoos qeev nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cheeb tsam concave.
- Mount cov hnoos qeev ntawm lub swb swb yog tias koj txhawj xeeb tias cov hnoos qeev yuav yob lossis xaub tawm ntawm lub tiaj tiaj. Piv txwv li, siv daim kab xev concave yog tias koj tab tom npaj ib lub paj paj tawg paj uas tig mus rau ib sab lossis lwm yam.
- Rau txhua lwm yam piv txwv, ib lub tiaj tiaj tiaj tiaj yuav ua haujlwm zoo.
Kauj Ruam 5. Teem ib daim npog npog hla cov hnoos qeev
Daim npog npog tiv thaiv cov qauv ua piv txwv los ntawm kev ntog tawm ntawm swb. Daim ntawv tseem yuav tiv thaiv cov qauv coj mus kuaj hauv ib kis ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav cov neeg siv yuam kev txo lub lens kom ntau npaum li qhov nws coj mus rhaub cov hnoos qeev.
- Cov ntawv npog yog nyias nyias, pob tshab ntawm cov iav lossis, feem ntau, yas. Txhua daim ntawv swb yog hais txog 3⁄4 nti (1.9 cm) hauv qhov dav thiab ntev.
- Tam sim no koj daim ntawv npaj tau npaj los tshuaj xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Npaj Ntub Dej Ntws
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab 1 qhov dej tso rau ntawm koj lub swb
Siv qhov muag qhov muag los tso 1 tee dej mus rau qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ib lub tiaj tiaj lossis tiaj tiaj. Cov dej me me no yog qhov ua rau ntub ntub nws lub npe. Cov kua ua kom cov hnoos qeev ntub thiab tiv thaiv kom ntub, cov qauv organic ua kom qhuav thiab ua kom lawv cov duab tsis zoo. Cov dej kuj khaws cov hnoos qeev nyob, xws li cov kab mob ib leeg-celled.
Yog tias koj xav ua tus swb tas mus li siv cov khoom siv organic tuag, koj tuaj yeem siv txheej nyias nyias ntawm cov ntsia thawv ntsia hlau tsis txhob siv cov dej ntws
Kauj Ruam 2. Khaws los yog hlais ib ntu ntawm cov hnoos qeev piv txwv
Cov qauv piv txwv uas siv rau cov ntub ntub yog feem ntau ntub lossis cov khoom siv organic. Siv rab chais hniav los yog tus pas txhuam hniav los txiav lossis txhuam me me ntawm koj cov hnoos qeev. Cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau siv los ua ntub ntub swb muaj xws li:
- Cheek cells los yog cov quav hniav (txhuam los ntawm koj lub qhov ncauj nrog tus pas txhuam hniav).
- Ib qho ntoo khaub lig-seem ntawm cov qia cog (txiav nrog rab chais hniav).
- Yog tias koj tab tom kawm ib leeg-celled kab mob-piv txwv li, amoeba lossis paramecium-tweezers yuav ua tau zoo me ntsis. Hloov chaw, siv lub qhov muag ntxuav qhov muag kom khaws ob peb tee dej hauv qhov uas ib leeg-celled kab mob lossis algae ua luam dej.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab koj cov hnoos qeev tso rau hauv koj qhov dej tso
Nyob ntawm seb yam khoom koj tab tom siv raws li koj cov hnoos qeev, siv ob rab qau, tweezers, lossis tus pas txhuam hniav los hloov koj cov hnoos qeev mus rau qhov swb. Teem cov hnoos qeev nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm koj cov dej ntws, kom nws raug ncua hauv cov kua.
Yog tias koj siv lub qhov muag txhawm rau khaws cov kab mob ib leeg, tso 1 lossis 2 tee rau hauv cov dej uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tus swb
Kauj Ruam 4. Teem daim npog npog rau saum cov ntawv ntub
Tuav lub npog npog ntawm lub kaum sab xis 45 °. Teem ib qho ntawm cov ntug ntawm sab xis ntawm qhov piv txwv ntawm cov dej poob. Tom qab ntawd txo qis rau lwm sab ntawm qhov swb kom txog thaum nws tiaj tus rau saum cov qauv. Koj yuav tsum pom cov dej poob qis hauv qab lub npog npog kom txog thaum lawv mus txog nws cov npoo.
Tsis txhob coj mus rhaub lossis nias ntawm daim npog npog thaum nws nyob hauv qhov chaw. Yog tias koj ua koj yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ua piv txwv piv txwv thiab dej tawm ntawm qhov swb
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Staining Cellular Specimens
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab daim ntawv phuam qhwv rau ib sab ntawm daim npog npog
Teem daim phuam tiv thaiv daim ntawv hla tsis cuam tshuam cov khoom hauv qab daim npog npog. Daim phuam ntawv nqus tau yuav nqus tau qee cov dej tawm hauv qab daim npog npog, thiab rub tus neeg ua kom muaj xim nyob hauv qab daim npog npog thiab mus rau qhov hnoos qeev.
- Yog tias koj cov ntaub ntub dej uas ntub dej ntub los yog tsis muaj xim (piv txwv li ntu ntu ntawm tsob ntoo tsis muaj xim), nws yuav nyuaj rau pom thaum saib los ntawm lub tsom iav. Staining cov hnoos qeev yuav tso cai rau koj kom pom nws cov duab zoo dua thiab zoo nkauj.
- Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav tom qab koj tau tshuaj xyuas cov hnoos qeev hauv qhov swb yam tsis muaj qhov ua rau nws puas lawm. Qhov swb tuaj yeem npaj tau lawm, txawm tias nws tsis muaj xim.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab 1 iodine lossis methylene xiav tso rau lwm sab ntawm daim npog npog
Siv qhov muag tsom iav thiab tso cov tshuaj pleev xim tso rau saum lub tsom iav tsom iav, ncaj qha ib sab ntawm daim npog npog. Ceev faj kom tsuas yog faib 1 poob. Tus neeg ua kom muaj xim ntau dhau yuav khiav tawm ntawm tus swb.
- Iodine lossis methylene blue tuaj yeem yuav tau ntawm txhua lub khw muag khoom lossis cov khoom siv biology.
- Lwm txoj hauv kev los ua qhov no yog ntxiv qhov tso tus neeg sawv cev tso rau hauv cov dej ntawm cov dej ntub ntub thaum koj xub npaj nws. Hauv qhov no, koj tsis xav tau daim ntawv so tes.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tos thaum tus neeg sawv cev pleev xim tau kos rau hauv qab daim npog npog
Tus neeg ua kom tsis huv yuav pib nkag rau hauv qab daim npog npog raws li daim ntawv phuam rub dej tawm ntawm lwm sab. Nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev li 5 feeb rau iodine lossis methylene blue kom tsau tag nrho hauv qab daim npog thiab ua kom cov hnoos qeev txaus.
Thaum iodine lossis methylene xiav tau kos txhua txoj hauv qab daim npog npog, cov hnoos qeev tau ua kom tiav
Kauj Ruam 4. So tus neeg ua hauj lwm staining ntau nrog daim ntaub so huv
Ntxuav tawm ntawm qhov swb kom tsis txhob muaj cov kua xau tawm ntawm sab. Tam sim no koj cov ntaub ntub dej ntub tau pleev xim thiab npaj los tshuaj xyuas hauv qab lub tshuab tsom iav.
