Thaum koj sau cov ntawv tshawb fawb siv American Psychological Association (APA) citation format, koj yuav pom tias koj xav siv daim duab. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim uas muaj hauv koj qhov kev hais tawm yuav zoo ib yam, hom ntawv sib txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb koj puas pom daim duab online lossis luam tawm.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Txheeb Xyuas Cov Duab Online
Kauj Ruam 1. Sau cov ntaub ntawv ntau li ntau tau
Thaum koj yuav tsum tau hais tawm ib daim duab uas koj pom hauv online, nws yuav nyuaj rau nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv txaus txog daim duab los tsim kom muaj cov ntaub ntawv citation. Tej zaum koj yuav tau ua qee qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv kom paub ntau ntxiv txog daim duab.
- Qhov ua tau, sim nrhiav lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws tau rov tsim dua ntawm lwm lub vev xaib. Yog tias lub vev xaib tsis txuas rau lub hauv paus qub, ua cov duab tshawb hauv Is Taws Nem txhawm rau nrhiav qhov qub.
- Qee qhov xwm txheej, koj yuav tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog daim duab los ntawm txoj nyem rau ntawm nws.
Kauj Ruam 2. Pib nrog tus kws yees duab lub npe
APA qhov kev sau npe feem ntau pib nrog lub npe ntawm tus sau. Txij li tus sau daim duab yog tus kws yees duab, sau lawv lub npe nrog lawv lub xeem lub npe ua ntej, tom qab ntawd lawv thawj lub npe thiab nruab nrab.
- Piv txwv li: "Smith, J."
- Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom lub npe ntawm tus kws yees duab, sau lub npe lossis cov lus piav qhia ntawm daim duab. Pib qhov kev hais tawm nrog lub npe, xws li "Hlub noog." Yog tias tsis muaj lub npe, suav nrog cov lus piav qhia meej, xws li "Duab ntawm tus nquab hauv hav zoov."
Kauj Ruam 3. Sau lub xyoo daim duab tau luam tawm lossis tsim tawm
Tam sim ntawd tom qab lub npe ntawm tus kws yees duab, suav nrog tsuas yog lub xyoo uas daim duab tau tsim nyob hauv kab lus. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom lub xyoo tsim, mus nrog lub xyoo daim duab tau tshaj tawm thawj zaug online.
- Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010)."
- Xwb: "Hlub noog. (1977)."
Kauj Ruam 4. Muab lub npe thiab hom ntawv ntawm daim duab
Yog tias daim duab muaj lub npe, muab lub npe ntawd tam sim tom qab hnub tim. Siv kab lus-kev ua peev txheej, ua kom muaj peev xwm tsuas yog thawj lo lus ntawm lub npe thiab txhua lub npe tsim nyog. Tom qab ntawd suav nrog kab lus "Duab" hauv cov kab zauv.
- Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010). Frogs croaking at dusk [Duab]."
- Yog tias daim duab tsis muaj npe, muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm daim duab hauv cov kab zauv, pib nrog hom ntawv. Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010). [Cov duab tsis muaj npe ntawm cov qav kaws]."
- Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem pom tus sau lub npe thiab pib koj qhov kev hais tawm nrog lub npe, tso cov lus piav qhia hauv kab zauv. Yog tias koj pib nrog cov lus piav qhia, tsuas sau cov hom ntawv hauv cov kab zauv.
Kauj Ruam 5. Suav nrog qhov txuas ncaj qha rau daim duab lossis sau lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia nws tuaj
Pib kab lus nrog "Retrieved" thiab luam qhov URL uas daim duab tshwm. Txij li cov ntsiab lus hauv online tuaj yeem hloov pauv, nrhiav qhov chaw nyob lossis qhov chaw nyob ncaj qha siv yog tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau. Yog tias koj nkag mus saib daim duab los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, suav nrog lub npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv qhov chaw ntawm URL thiab muab lub sijhawm kawg.
- Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010). Qav qav kaws thaum tsaus ntuj [Duab Duab]. Rov los ntawm
- Xwb: "Hlub noog. (1977). [Duab ntawm ob tus nquab]. Rov los ntawm ArtStor."
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Txheeb Duab Hauv Phau Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas qhov haujlwm uas daim duab tshwm
Yog tias koj pom daim duab hauv phau ntawv uas koj xav hais txog hauv koj daim ntawv tshawb fawb, muab cov ntaub ntawv citation rau phau ntawv, tsis yog daim duab tshwj xeeb.
Ua raws APA tus txheej txheem citation rau hom kev luam ntawv luam tawm qhov twg daim duab tshwm. Rau ib phau ntawv, koj yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim rau phau ntawv. Yog tias koj pom daim duab hauv cov ntawv xov xwm lossis ntawv xov xwm, koj yuav siv hom ntawv citation uas tsim nyog rau nruab nrab ntawd
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab cov ntsiab lus ntxiv hauv koj cov ntawv
Thaum koj tham txog daim duab hauv koj daim ntawv, koj tuaj yeem suav nrog lwm yam uas koj xav tias tsim nyog uas yuav tsis tau suav nrog hauv qhov pib siv rau phau ntawv uas daim duab tshwm.
- Piv txwv li, yog tus kws yees duab tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem hais lawv lub npe: "Cov duab Ansel Adams muab rau cov neeg saib kom nkag siab zoo txog yuav ua li cas sab hnub poob Tebchaws Meskas saib ua ntej kev txhim kho niaj hnub no."
- Koj kuj tseem xav suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog daim duab uas muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm txog phau ntawv nws tus kheej. Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem pom daim duab uas koj xav siv uas tau thaij hauv xyoo 1924, tab sis phau ntawv uas cov duab pom tau luam tawm xyoo 2015. Suav nrog daim duab hnub tim hauv koj cov ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv hauv cov ntawv sau
Thaum koj hais tawm ib daim duab hauv kab ntawv, koj cov lus hais ua niam txiv hais txog phau ntawv tus sau thiab xyoo uas phau ntawv tau luam tawm. Kho ib daim duab zoo li hais ncaj qha thiab suav nrog tus lej nplooj ntawv.
Piv txwv li, daim duab Ansel Adams hauv phau ntawv 2015 los ntawm Paul Smith tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntawv sau ua niam txiv "(Smith, 2015, p. 24)."
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Hais txog Kev Luam Lub Cev
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhia tus kws yees duab lub npe
Raws li "tus sau" ntawm daim duab, sau tus kws yees duab lub xeem, tom qab ntawd muab tus lej cim thiab muab lawv thawj lub npe thiab nruab nrab. Yog tias tus kws yees duab tsis raug txheeb xyuas, pib nrog lub npe.
Kauj Ruam 2. Muab lub xyoo uas daim duab raug luam tawm lossis tsim tawm
Txog kev teeb tsa lub cev luam ntawv, koj ib txwm yuav pom lub xyoo uas daim duab tau tsim ntawm daim npav tom ntej ntawm cov zaub luam tawm. Nws yuav yog kwv yees xyoo.
- Muab lub xyoo nyob rau hauv kab lus tom qab tus kws yees duab lub npe. Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010)."
- Yog xyoo tsis paub, siv cov ntawv luv "nd" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm hnub tim. Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (nd)."
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab lub npe thiab qhov nruab nrab ntawm daim duab
Yog tias daim duab tsis muaj lub npe, muab cov lus piav qhia luv luv ntawm daim duab hauv kab zauv. Txwv tsis pub, muab lub npe ntawm daim duab hauv kab ntawv uas siv kab lus-kev ua peev txheej, tom qab ntawd lo lus "Duab" hauv cov kab zauv.
Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010). Frogs croaking at dusk [Duab]."
Kauj Ruam 4. Suav nrog qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim duab
Txij li thaum koj tau saib tiag tiag ntawm kev luam lub cev ntawm daim duab, koj yuav tsum coj koj cov neeg nyeem mus rau qhov chaw uas luam ntawv nyob. Suav nrog thaj chaw nyob nrog rau lub npe ntawm lub tsev haujlwm lossis tsev cia puav pheej. Rau US cov chaw, muab lub nroog thiab xeev. Thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog lub nroog thiab lub npe ntawm lub tebchaws.
Piv txwv li: "Smith, J. (2010). Frogs croaking at dusk [Duab]. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art."
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj tab tom hais txog daim duab qub uas koj tau coj koj tus kheej, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum muab cov lus hauv kab ntawv rau cov ntsiab lus.
- Sib nrug ntawm tsuas yog hais txog daim duab, koj yuav xav tsim cov duab hauv koj daim ntawv. Yog tias koj daim ntawv yuav raug tshaj tawm, koj yuav tsum suav nrog cov lus piav qhia nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntiag tug thiab nqe lus hais tias koj tau siv daim duab nrog kev tso cai ntawm tus kws yees duab lossis tus tuav txoj cai. Tham nrog koj tus kws qhia lossis tus saib xyuas haujlwm yog tias koj xav suav nrog cov duab theej hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm.
